JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II Year B.Tech. MME - I Sem L T/P/D C
4 -/-/- 4
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS

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Objective:

This course is designed to emphasize clear cut understanding of the laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work in various thermodynamic processes, Free Energy Functions, their significance in determining the feasibility of metallurgical processes, and derivations associated with it. To obviate the shortcoming of Thermodynamics, Kinetic aspects of Chemical reactions with necessary equations is also dealt in detail.

UNIT - I

Fundamentals and basic laws of thermodynamics: Objectives and limitations to thermodynamics, concepts of system and state, thermodynamic variables, thermodynamic equilibrium. Reversible and irreversible processes, Zeroth law of thermodynamics
First Law of thermodynamics: Nature of first law, relationship between heat and work, internal energy, calculations of work in reversible adiabatic processes, reversible isothermal, and enthalpy change with temperature (Kirchoff’s Equation)

UNIT - II

Second law of thermodynamics: Efficiency of a cyclic process, Carnot cycle, carnot theorem, second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy, entropy and quantification of irreversibility, reversible processes.
Third law of thermodynamics: Background of third law deductions from third law, applications of third law, and other methods of obtaining ΔS0 for a reaction,

UNIT - III

Free energy functions: Definition of Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy functions, meaning of thermodynamically possible process, determination of G from thermal data useful relationships between free energies and other thermodynamic functions, Maxwell’s equation and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant, variation of the equilibrium constant with temperature,

UNIT - IV

Derivation of Gibb’s phase rule, Application of phase rule to unary, binary and multicomponent systems, Claussius – Clapeyron equation: Introduction, derivation of the Claussius – Clapeyron equation for single substance, Duhriges rule for the estimation of the vapour pressures of an element, Intergarion of Claussius – Clapeyron equation

UNIT - V

Kinetics: Kinetics of chemical process, Molecularity and order of a reaction, zero order reactions, first order, second order reactions, Determination of order of reaction, collision theory, theory of absolute reaction rates, consecutives and simultaneous reactions, catalysis in chemical reactions.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics – D.R. Gaskel
2. Physical chemistry of metals-L. S. Darken & Gurry

REFERENCES:

1. Physical chemistry for Metallurgists – J. Mackowick
2. Thermodynamics of solids-R.S.Swalin
3. Text Book of Materials and Metallurgical Thermodynamics: Ahindra Ghosh (PHI)
4. De Hoff, Robert, Thermodynamics in Materials Science, Second edition, CRC Press, 2006.
5. Lee, H. G., Chemical Thermodynamics for Metals and Materials, Imperial College Press, 2001.
6. Fundamentals of thermodynamics - Sonntaget al

Outcome:

The student will be thorough in establishing the feasibility of metallurgical reactions via determination of free energy change as a function of temperature. He will be able to solve the numerical problems on determination of equilibrium constant, vapour pressure of an element, order of a chemical reaction.