Note: This syllabus is common for

• R18 - B.Tech. I Year I Sem. - ECE, EIE, Civil, ME, AE, ME (M), MME, Mining & Petroleum Engg.
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year I Sem. - CSE (AI & ML) & CSE (IoT)
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year II Sem. - EEE, CSE & IT.
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year II Sem. - CSE (Cyber Security), CSE (Data Science), CSE (Networks) & Computer Engineering (Software Engg.)

CS103ES/CS203ES: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4

Course Objectives:

• To learn the fundamentals of computers.
• To understand the various steps in program development.
• To learn the syntax and semantics of C programming language.
• To learn the usage of structured programming approach in solving problems.

Course Outcomes: The student will learn

• To write algorithms and to draw flowcharts for solving problems.
• To convert the algorithms/flowcharts to C programs.
• To code and test a given logic in C programming language.
• To decompose a problem into functions and to develop modular reusable code.
• To use arrays, pointers, strings and structures to write C programs.
• Searching and sorting problems.

Unit - 1: Introduction to Programming

Introduction to components of a computer system: disks, primary and secondary memory, processor, operating system, compilers, creating, compiling and executing a program etc., Number systems

Introduction to Algorithms: steps to solve logical and numerical problems. Representation of Algorithm, Flowchart/Pseudo code with examples, Program design and structured programming

Introduction to C Programming Language: variables (with data types and space requirements), Syntax and Logical Errors in compilation, object and executable code, Operators, expressions and precedence, Expression evaluation, Storage classes (auto, extern, static and register), type conversion, The main method and command line arguments Bitwise operations: Bitwise AND, OR, XOR and NOT operators

Conditional Branching and Loops: Writing and evaluation of conditionals and consequent branching with if, if-else, switch-case, ternary operator, goto, Iteration with for, while, dowhile loops

I/O: Simple input and output with scanf and printf, formatted I/O, Introduction to stdin, stdout and stderr.

Command line arguments

Unit - II: Arrays, Strings, Structures and Pointers:

Arrays: one and two dimensional arrays, creating, accessing and manipulating elements of arrays

Strings: Introduction to strings, handling strings as array of characters, basic string functions available in C (strlen, strcat, strcpy, strstr etc.), arrays of strings

Structures: Defining structures, initializing structures, unions, Array of structures

Pointers: Idea of pointers, Defining pointers, Pointers to Arrays and Structures, Use of Pointers in self-referential structures, usage of self referential structures in linked list (no implementation)

Enumeration data type

Unit - III: Preprocessor and File handling in C:

Preprocessor: Commonly used Preprocessor commands like include, define, undef, if, ifdef, ifndef

Files: Text and Binary files, Creating and Reading and writing text and binary files, Appending data to existing files, Writing and reading structures using binary files, Random access using fseek, ftell and rewind functions.

Unit - IV: Function and Dynamic Memory Allocation:

Functions: Designing structured programs, Declaring a function, Signature of a function, Parameters and return type of a function, passing parameters to functions, call by value, Passing arrays to functions, passing pointers to functions, idea of call by reference, Some C standard functions and libraries

Recursion: Simple programs, such as Finding Factorial, Fibonacci series etc., Limitations of Recursive functions

Dynamic memory allocation: Allocating and freeing memory, Allocating memory for arrays of different data types

Unit - V: Introduction to Algorithms:

Algorithms for finding roots of a quadratic equations, finding minimum and maximum numbers of a given set, finding if a number is prime number, etc.

Basic searching in an array of elements (linear and binary search techniques),

Basic algorithms to sort array of elements (Bubble, Insertion and Selection sort algorithms),

Basic concept of order of complexity through the example programs

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Byron Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C, McGraw-Hill
2. B.A. Forouzan and R.F. Gilberg C Programming and Data Structures, Cengage Learning, (3rd Edition)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice
2. Hall of India
3. R.G. Dromey, How to solve it by Computer, Pearson (16th Impression)
4. Programming in C, Stephen G. Kochan, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education.
5. Herbert Schildt, C: The Complete Reference, Mc Graw Hill, 4th Edition