JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 
HYDERABAD 
III Year B.Tech EEE I-Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
POWER SYSTEMS-II 

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Objective : 
This course is an extension of Power systems-I course. It deals with basic theory of transmission lines modeling and their performance analysis. Also this course gives emphasis on mechanical design of transmission lines, cables and insulators.

UNIT-I Transmission Line Parameters 
Types of conductors - calculation of resistance for solid conductors - Calculation of inductance for single phase and three phase, single and double circuit lines, concept of GMR & GMD, symmetrical and asymmetrical conductor configuration with and without transposition, Numerical Problems. 
Calculation of capacitance for 2 wire and 3 wire systems, effect of ground on capacitance, capacitance calculations for symmetrical and asymmetrical single and three phase, single and double circuit lines, Numerical Problems. 

UNIT-II Performance of Short and Medium Length Transmission Lines
Classification of Transmission Lines - Short, medium and long line and their model representations - Nominal-T, Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Constants for symmetrical & Asymmetrical Networks, Numerical Problems. 
Mathematical Solutions to estimate regulation and efficiency of all types of lines - Numerical Problems. 

UNIT-III Performance of Long Transmission Lines 
Long Transmission Line-Rigorous Solution, evaluation of A,B,C,D Constants, Interpretation of the Long Line Equations, Incident, Reflected and Refracted Waves -Surge Impedance and SIL of Long Lines, Wave Length and Velocity of Propagation of Waves - Representation of Long Lines - Equivalent-T and Equivalent Pie network models (numerical problems).

UNIT – IV Power System Transients 
Types of System Transients - Travelling or Propagation of Surges - Attenuation, Distortion, Reflection and Refraction Coefficients - Termination of lines with different types of conditions - Open Circuited Line, Short Circuited Line, T-Junction, Lumped Reactive Junctions (Numerical Problems). Bewley’s Lattice Diagrams (for all the cases mentioned with numerical examples). 

UNIT-V Various Factors Governing the Performance of Transmission line 
Skin and Proximity effects - Description and effect on Resistance of Solid Conductors - Ferranti effect - Charging Current - Effect on Regulation of the Transmission Line, Shunt Compensation. 
Corona - Description of the phenomenon, factors affecting corona, critical voltages and power loss, Radio Interference. 

UNIT-VI Overhead Line Insulators 
Types of Insulators, String efficiency and Methods for improvement, Numerical Problems - voltage distribution, calculation of string efficiency, Capacitance grading and Static Shielding. 

UNIT-VII Sag and Tension Calculations 
Sag and Tension Calculations with equal and unequal heights of towers, Effect of Wind and Ice on weight of Conductor, Numerical Problems - Stringing chart and sag template and its applications. 

 

UNIT-VIII Underground Cables 
Types of Cables, Construction, Types of Insulating materials, Calculations of Insulation resistance and stress in insulation, Numerical Problems. 
Capacitance of Single and 3-Core belted cables, Numerical Problems. Grading of Cables - Capacitance grading, Numerical Problems, Description of Inter-sheath grading.

 

1. A Text Book on Power System Engineering by M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar, A.Chakrabarthy, Dhanpat Rai & Co Pvt. Ltd. 
2. Electrical power systems - by C.L.Wadhwa, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers,1998. 

REFERENCE BOOKS: 
1. Power system Analysis-by John J Grainger William D Stevenson, TMC Companies, 4th edition 
2. Power System Analysis and Design by B.R.Gupta, Wheeler Publishing. 
3. Power System Analysis by Hadi Saadat – TMH Edition.. 
4. Modern Power System Analysis by I.J.Nagaraj and D.P.Kothari, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition.