JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
HYDERABAD 
III Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING 

UNIT I 
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Applications of Microwaves. Rectangular Waveguides – TE/TM mode analysis, Expressions for Fields, Characteristic Equation and Cut-off Frequencies, Filter Characteristics, Dominant and Degenerate Modes, Sketches of TE and TM mode fields in the cross-section, Mode Characteristics – Phase and Group Velocities, Wavelengths and Impedance Relations; Power Transmission and Power Losses in Rectangular Guide. Related Problems. 
 
UNIT II 
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES: Introduction, Nature of Fields, Characteristic Equation, Dominant and Degenerate Modes. Impossibility of TEM mode. Microstrip Lines– Introduction, Zo Relations, Effective Dielectric Constant, Losses, Q factor. Cavity Resonators– Introduction, Rectangular and Cylindrical Cavities, Dominant Modes and Resonant Frequencies, Q factor and Coupling Coefficients. Related Problems. 
 
UNIT III 
WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS - I : Coupling Mechanisms – Probe, Loop, Aperture types. Waveguide Discontinuities – Waveguide irises, Tuning Screws and Posts, Matched Loads. Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, Rotary Vane types; Waveguide Phase Shifters – Dielectric, Rotary Vane types. Waveguide Multiport Junctions – E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring; Directional Couplers – 2 Hole, Bethe Hole types. 
 
UNIT IV 
WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS - II : Ferrites– Composition and Characteristics, Faraday Rotation; Ferrite Components – Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator. Scattering Matrix– Significance, Formulation and Properties. S Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Junction, E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Circulator and Isolator. Related Problems. 
 
UNIT V 
MICROWAVE TUBES – I: Limitations and Losses of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies. Microwave tubes – O type and M type classifications. O-type tubes : 2 Cavity Klystrons – Structure, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate Diagram, Bunching Process and Small Signal Theory – Expressions for o/p Power and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Applegate Diagram and Principle of working, Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency, Electronic Admittance; Oscillating Modes and o/p Characteristics, Electronic and Mechanical Tuning. Related Problems. 
 
UNIT VI 
HELIX TWTS: Significance, Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT and Amplification Process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Nature of the four Propagation Constants, Gain Considerations. 
 
M-type Tubes 
Introduction, Cross-field effects, Magnetrons – Different Types, 8-Cavity Cylindrical Travelling Wave Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode Operation, Separation of PI-Mode, o/p characteristics. 
 
UNIT VII 
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES: Introduction, Classification, Applications. TEDs – Introduction, Gunn Diode – Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Basic Modes of Operation, Oscillation Modes. Avalanche Transit Time Devices – Introduction, IMPATT and TRAPATT Diodes – Principle of Operation and Characteristics. 
 
UNIT VIII 
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their Features, Precautions; Microwave Power Measurement – Bolometer Method. Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency, VSWR, Cavity Q. Impedance Measurements. 
  
TEXT BOOKS : 
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, PHI, 3rd Edition,1994. 
2. Microwave Principles – Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skalnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L. Krauss, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2004. 

REFERENCES : 
1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd Edition, 2002. 
2. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S.Raghuvanshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Age International Publishers Ltd., 1995. 
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999. 
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th ed., 1955. 
5. Elements of Microwave Engineering – R. Chatterjee, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988. 
6. Micro Wave and Radar Engineering – M. Kulkarni, Umesh Publications, 1998.