UNIT I 
OVERVIEW OF ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCONTROLLER RESOURCES : Architecture of a microcontroller – Microcontroller resources – Resources in advanced and next generation microcontrollers – 8051 microcontroller – Internal and External memories – Counters and Timers – Synchronous serialcumasynchronous serial communication - Interrupts. 

UNIT II 
8051 FAMILY MICROCONTROLLERS INSTRUCTION SET : Basic assembly language programming – Data transfer instructions – Data and Bit-manipulation instructions – Arithmetic instructions – Instructions for Logical operations on the tes among the Registers, Internal RAM, and SFRs – Program flow control instructions – Interrupt control flow. 

UNIT III 
REAL TIME CONTROL : INTERRUPTS : Interrupt handling structure of an MCU – Interrupt Latency and Interrupt deadline – Multiple sources of the interrupts – Non-maskable interrupt sources – Enabling or disabling of the sources – Polling to determine the interrupt source and assignment of the priorities among them – Interrupt structure in Intel 8051. 

UNIT IV 
REAL TIME CONTROL: TIMERS : Programmable Timers in the MCU’s – Free running counter and real time control – Interrupt interval and density constraints. 

UNIT V 
SYSTEMS DESIGN : DIGITAL AND ANALOG INTERFACING METHODS : Switch, Keypad and Keyboard interfacings – LED and Array of LEDs – Keyboard-cum-Display controller (8279) – Alphanumeric Devices – Display Systems and its interfaces – Printer interfaces – Programmable instruments interface using IEEE 488 Bus – Interfacing with the Flash Memory – Interfaces – Interfacing to High Power Devices – Analog input interfacing – Analog output interfacing – Optical motor shaft encoders – Industrial control – Industrial process control system – Prototype MCU based Measuring instruments – Robotics and Embedded control – Digital Signal Processing and Digital Filters. 

UNIT VI 
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM FOR MICROCONTROLLERS : Real Time operating system – RTOS of Keil (RTX51) – Use of RTOS in Design – Software development tools for Microcontrollers. 

UNIT VII 
16-BIT MICROCONTROLLERS : Hardware – Memory map in Intel 80196 family MCU system – IO ports – Progammable Timers and High-speed outputs and input captures – Interrupts – instructions. 

UNIT VIII 
ARM 32 Bit MCUs : Introduction to 16/32 Bit processors – ARM architecture and organization – ARM / Thumb programming model – ARM / Thumb instruction set – Development tools. 

TEXT BOOKS : 
1. Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, Interfacing and System Design – Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2005. 
2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems – Mazidi and Mazidi, PHI, 2000. 

REFERENCES : 
1. Microcontrollers (Theory & Applications) – A.V. Deshmuk, WTMH, 2005. 
2. Design with PIC Microcontrollers – John B. Peatman, Pearson Education, 2005.