JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year B.Tech. Biotech. L T/P/D C
3 -/-/- 6

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY

Objectives:

The objective of the course is to introduce the students with basics of biological system both at the cellular, biochemical and molecular level and provide an understanding of its applications in various fields such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic biodiversity, plant, animal and molecular biology.

Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student must be able to understand the fundamentals of biology, biological diversity and their applications in agriculture and medical biotechnology.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS

Diversity in biological systems, Cell biology and cell structure, Difference between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. Kingdom systems. Five-kingdom classification, General characters, Brief account on Ecology, Morphology, Nutrition, Locomotion and Reproduction, useful and harmful effects of Bacteria, Viruses, Algae, Fungi and Protozoans.

UNIT II:

PLANT BIOLOGY

Plant Biology: Concepts of Growth, Meristems. Development of different plant organs; Plant growth regulators;
Photosynthesis : Plant & Bacterial photosynthesis; oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis; chlorophyll as trapper of solar energy, photosynthetic reaction centres, Hill reaction, PS I & PS II, Photophosphorylation - cyclic & noncyclic; Dark reaction & CO2 fixation. Economic Importance of Plants.

UNIT III:

ANIMAL BIOLOGY

Introduction of body as a whole, Cells and Tissue Organization, Electrolytes and Body fluids. Physiology: Digestive system, Circulatory systems & Blood, Respiratory system and Endocrine system, Neuromuscular system, Sensory systems - hearing, taste, smell and visual receptors.

UNIT IV:

BASIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Genetics: DNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation, Genes to proteins to protein function, Gene expression and regulation, Recombinant DNA technology.

UNIT V :

APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Drugs and Chemicals from Plants & Animals, Definition and importance (in general) of Biofuels, Biofertilizers, Biopesticides, Bioindicators and Biosensors, Microbial Enzymes, Single Cell Protein (SCP), Monoclonal Antibodies, Introduction to Transgenic Plants & Animals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to biology and biotechnology, second edition, K.Vaitaidyanath, K. Pratap Reddy, and K.Satya Prasad, BS Publications.

REFERENCES:

1. H.G. Rehen and G.Reed, biotechnology Volume I & 2
2. Basic Biotechnology, Second Edition, by Colin Ratledge and Bjorm Kristiansen, Cambridge University Press.
3. Anatomy and Physiology In Health and Disease,K. J.W. Wilison and A. Waugh, Churchill & Livingston.
4. Plant Physiology F.B Salisbury & C.W. Ross 4th edition Thomson Wadsworth
5. Dr. C.C. Chatterjee, Human Physiology (11th Edition) Vol I and II, Medical Allied Agency, Kolkata, 1987.