CE303ES: FLUID MECHANICS - I
B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T/P/D C
4 1/0/0 4

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Pre Requisites: Engineering Mechanics

Course Objectives: Students who take this class can expect to

• Develop an appreciation for the properties of Newtonian fluids.
• Study analytical solutions to variety of simplified problems.
• Understand the dynamics of fluid flows and the governing non-dimensional parameters.
• Apply concepts of mass, momentum and energy conservation to flows.
• Grasp the basic ideas of turbulence.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• Apply conservation laws to derive governing equations of fluid flows.
• Compute hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces.
• Analyze and design simple pipe systems.
• Apply principles of dimensional analysis to design experiments.
• Compute drag and lift coefficients.

UNIT - I

Introduction: Dimensions and units – Physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, Hydrostatic law - atmospheric, gauge and vacuum pressure- measurement of pressure. Pressure gauges, Manometers: differential and Micro Manometers. Hydrostatic forces on submerged plane, Horizontal, Vertical, inclined and curved surfaces – Center of pressure. Derivations and problems.

UNTI – II

Buoyancy and floatation: stability of bodies, meta centre, liquids in relative equilibrium.

Fluid Kinematics: Description of fluid flow, Stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube. Classification of flows : Steady, unsteady, uniform, non uniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational and irrotational flows – Equation of continuity for one, two , three dimensional flows – stream and velocity potential functions, circulation and vorticity, flownet analysis.

UNIT – III

Fluid Dynamics and Measurement of Flow: Surface and body forces – Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream line for 3-D flow, (Navier – stokes equations (Explanationary) Momentum equation and its application – forces on pipe bend. Pitot tube, Venturi meter, and orifice meter – classification of orifices, flow over rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal and Stepped notches - –Broad crested weirs.

UNIT - IV

Closed Conduit Flow: Reynold’s experiment – Characteristics of Laminar & Turbulent flows. Laws of Fluid friction – Darcy’s equation, ,variation of friction factor with Reynold’s number – Moody’s Chart, Minor losses – pipes in series – pipes in parallel – Total energy line and hydraulic gradient line. Pipe network problems Flow between parallel plates, Flow through long tubes, flow through inclined tubes, water hammer.

UNIT – V

Boundary Layer Theory: Approximate Solutions of Navier Stokes Equations – Boundary layer – concepts, Prandtl contribution, Characteristics of boundary layer along a thin flat plate, Vonkarmen momentum integral equation, laminar and turbulent Boundary layers (no derivations) BL in transition, separation of BL, control of BL, flow around submerged objects-Drag and Lift- Magnus effect.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Fluid Mechanics by F.M. White McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2011
2. Fluid Mechanics by V.L. Streeter., E.B.Wylie and K.W. Bedford, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi2016.
3. Fluid Mechanics by P.N. Modi and S.M.Seth, Standard Book House, Delhi, 2011.

REFERENCES:

1. Mechanics of Fluids by Potter, M.C D.C Wiggers, B.H Ramdan Cengage, 2012.
2. Fluid Mechanics by J F Douglas, J M Gasiorek, J A Swaffield and L B Jack, Pearson 2015.
3. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines by S. K. Som, Gautam Biswas and S. Chakraborty, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 2015.
4. Engineering Fluid Mechanics by K L Kumar, S Chand, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi, 2014.
5. Fluid Mechanics by Dr. A. K. Jain Khanna Publishers, twelfth edition 2014.