JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
HYDERABAD 
II Year B.Tech EEE I-Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

UNIT I 
Fluid statics: Dimensions and units: physical properties of fluids- specific gravity, viscosity surface tension- vapor pressure and their influence on fluid motion- atmospheric gauge and vacuum pressure – measurement of pressure- Piezometer, U-tube and differential manometers. 

UNIT II 
Fluid kinematics: stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube, classification of flows-steady & unsteady, uniform, non uniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational, and irrotational flows-equation of continuity for one dimensional flow. 
Fluid dynamics: surface and body forces –Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream line, momentum equation and its application on force on pipe bend. 

UNIT III 
Closed conduit flow: Reynold’s experiment- Darcy Weisbach equation- Minor losses in pipes- pipes in series and pipes in parallel- total energy line-hydraulic gradient line. 
Measurement of flow: pilot tube, venturimeter, and orifice meter, Flow nozzle, Turbine flow meter (Ref.4) 

UNIT IV 
Basics of turbo machinery: hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity diagrams, work don and efficiency, flow over radial vanes. 

UNIT V 
Hydroelectric power stations: Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of pumped storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power developed from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies. 

UNIT VI 
Hydraulic Turbines: classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design –draft tube- theory- functions and efficiency. 

UNIT VII 
Performance of hydraulic turbines: Geometric similarity, Unit and specific quantities, characteristic curves, governing of turbines, selection of type of turbine, cavitation, surge tank, water hammer. 

UNIT-VIII 
Centrifugal pumps: classification, working, work done – manomertic head- losses and efficiencies- specific speed- pumps in series and parallel-performance characteristic curves, NPSH. Reciprocating pumps: Working, Discharge, slip, indicator diagrams 

TEXT BOOKS: 
1. Hydraulics, fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machinery MODI and SETH. 
2. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by Rajput. 

REFERENCE BOOKS: 
1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D.S. Kumar, Kotaria & Sons. 
2. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery by D. Rama Durgaiah, New Age International. 
3. Hydraulic Machines by Banga & Sharma, Khanna Publishers. 
4. Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements by James W. Dally, William E. Riley ,John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004 (Chapter 12 – Fluid Flow Measurements)