JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
HYDERABAD 
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 

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UNIT - I 
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for Public Awareness. 

UNIT - II 
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems - Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. - Food res ources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. 

UNIT - III 
Ecosystems : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem: 
a. Forest ecosystem 
b. Grassland ecosystem 
c. Desert ecosystem 
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) 

UNIT - IV 
Biodiversity and its conservation : Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Bio-geographical classification of India - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values - . Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. - . India as a megadiversity nation - Hot-sports of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, manwildlife conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India - Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Exsitu conservation of biodiversity. 

UNIT - V 
Environmental Pollution : Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of : 
a. Air pollution 
b. Water pollution 
c. Soil pollution 
d. Marine pollution 
e. Noise pollution 
f. Thermal pollution 
g. Nuclear hazards 
Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. – Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case studies. - Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. 

UNIT - VI 
Social Issues and the Environment : From Unsustainable to Sustainable development -Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies -Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. -Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. -Wasteland reclamation. -Consumerism and waste products. –Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.

UNIT - VII 
Human Population and the Environment : Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion - Family Welfare Programme. -Environment and human health. -Human Rights. -Value Education. -HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. -Case Studies.  

Field work : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River /forest grassland/hill/mountain -Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/industrial/ Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. - Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc. 

TEXT BOOK: 
1 Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission. 
2 Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press. 

REFERENCE: 
1 Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology by M. Anji Reddy, BS Publication.