JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
HYDERABAD 
II Year B.Tech EEE I-Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I 

Objective : 
Electrical machines course is one of the important courses of the Electrical discipline. In this course the different types of DC generators and motors which are widely used in industry are covered and their performance aspects will be studied. 

UNIT – I Electromechanical Energy Conversion 
Electromechanical Energy conversion – forces and torque in magnetic field systems – energy balance – energy and force in a singly excited magnetic field system, determination of magnetic force - co-energy – multi excited magnetic field systems. 

UNIT – II D.C. Generators – Construction & Operation 
D.C. Generators – Principle of operation – Action of commutator – constructional features – armature windings – lap and wave windings – simplex and multiplex windings – use of laminated armature – E. M.F Equation – Problems 

UNIT – III Armature reaction in D.C. Generator 
Armature reaction – Cross magnetizing and de-magnetizing AT/pole – compensating winding – commutation – reactance voltage – methods of improving commutation. 

UNIT – IV Types of D.C Generators 
Methods of Excitation – separately excited and self excited generators – build-up of E.M.F - critical field resistance and critical speed - causes for failure to self excite and remedial measures. 

UNIT – V Load Characteristics of Generators 
Load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators – parallel operation of d.c series generators – use of equalizer bar and cross connection of field windings – load sharing. 

UNIT – VI D.C. Motors 
D.C Motors – Principle of operation – Back E.M.F. - Torque equation – characteristics and application of shunt, series and compound motors – Armature reaction and commutation. 

UNIT – VII Speed control of D.C. Motors 
Speed control of d.c. Motors: Armature voltage and field flux control methods. Ward-Leonard system. Principle of 3 point and 4 point starters – protective devices. 

UNIT – VIII Testing of D.C. Machines 
Testing of d.c. machines: Losses – Constant & Variable losses – calculation of efficiency – condition for maximum efficiency 
Methods of Testing – direct, indirect and regenerative testing – brake test – Swinburne’s test – Hopkinson’s test – Field’s test – Retardation test – separation of stray losses in a d.c. motor test. 

TEXT BOOKS: 
1. Electric Machinary – A. E. Fritzgerald, C. Kingsley and S. Umans, Mc Graw-Hill Companies, 5th editon 
2. Electrical Machines – P.S. Bimbra., Khanna Publishers

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Performance and Design of D.C Machines – by Clayton & Hancock, BPB Publishers 
2. Electrical Machines -S.K. Battacharya, 
3. Electric Machines by I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari, Tata Mc Graw – Hill Publishers, 3rd edition, 2004. 
4. Electromechanics – I (D.C. Machines) S. Kamakshaiah Hi-Tech Publishers.