JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
HYDERABAD 
III Year B.Tech. CSE -II Sem T P C 
4+1* 0 4 
COMPILER DESIGN

UNIT – I 
Overview of Compilation: Phases of Compilation – Lexical Analysis, Regular Grammar and regular expression for common programming language features, pass and Phases of translation, interpretation, bootstrapping, data structures in compilation – LEX lexical analyzer generator. 
 
UNIT – II 
Top down Parsing : Context free grammars, Top down parsing – Backtracking, LL (1), recursive descent parsing, Predictive parsing, Preprocessing steps required for predictive parsing. 
 
UNIT – III 
Bottom up parsing : Shift Reduce parsing, LR and LALR parsing, Error recovery in parsing , handling ambiguous grammar, YACC – automatic parser generator. 
 
UNIT – IV 
Semantic analysis : Intermediate forms of source Programs – abstract syntax tree, polish notation and three address codes. Attributed grammars, Syntax directed translation, Conversion of popular Programming languages language Constructs into Intermediate code forms, Type checker. 
 
UNIT – V 
Symbol Tables : Symbol table format, organization for block structures languages, hashing, tree structures representation of scope information. Block structures and non block structure storage allocation: static, Runtime stack and heap storage allocation, storage allocation for arrays, strings and records. 
 
UNIT – VI 
Code optimization : Consideration for Optimization, Scope of Optimization, local optimization, loop optimization, frequency reduction, folding, DAG representation. 
 
UNIT – VII 
Data flow analysis : Flow graph, data flow equation, global optimization, redundant sub expression elimination, Induction variable elements, Live variable analysis, Copy propagation. 
 
UNIT – VIII 
Object code generation : Object code forms, machine dependent code optimization, register allocation and assignment generic code generation algorithms, DAG for register allocation. 
 
TEXT BOOKS : 
1. Principles of compiler design -A.V. Aho . J.D.Ullman; Pearson Education. 
2. Modern Compiler Implementation in C- Andrew N. Appel, Cambridge  University Press. 
 
REFERENCES : 
1. lex &yacc – John R. Levine, Tony Mason, Doug Brown, O’reilly 
2. Modern Compiler Design- Dick Grune, Henry E. Bal, Cariel T. H. Jacobs,  Wiley dreamtech. 
3. Engineering a Compiler-Cooper & Linda, Elsevier. 
4. Compiler Construction, Louden, Thomson.