Note: This syllabus is common for 

• R18 - B.Tech. I Year I Sem. - ECE & EIE.
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year I Sem. - CSE (AI & ML) & CSE (IoT)
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year II Sem. - EEE, CSE, IT, ECE, & EIE.
• R18 - B.Tech. I Year II Sem. - CSE (Cyber Security), CSE (Data Science), CSE (Networks) & Computer Engineering (Software Engg.)

AP102BS/AP202BS: APPLIED PHYSICS

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4

Course Objectives:

• Students will demonstrate skills in scientific inquiry, problem solving and laboratory techniques.
• Students will be able to demonstrate competency and understanding of the concepts found in Quantum Mechanics, Fiber optics and lasers, Semiconductor physics and Electromagnetic theory and a broad base of knowledge in physics.
• The graduates will be able to solve non-traditional problems that potentially draw on knowledge in multiple areas of physics.
• To study applications in engineering like memory devices, transformer core and electromagnetic machinery.

Course Outcomes: Upon graduation:

• The student would be able to learn the fundamental concepts on Quantum behaviour of matter in its micro state.
• The knowledge of fundamentals of Semiconductor physics, Optoelectronics, Lasers and fibre optics enable the students to apply to various systems like communications, solar cell, photocells and so on.
• Design, characterization and study of properties of material help the students to prepare new materials for various engineering applications.
• The course also helps the students to be exposed to the phenomena of electromagnetism and also to have exposure on magnetic materials and dielectric materials.

UNIT-I: Quantum Mechanics

Introduction to quantum physics, Black body radiation, Planck’s law, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, de-Broglie’s hypothesis, Wave-particle duality, Davisson and Germer experiment, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, Born’s interpretation of the wave function, Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation, Particle in one dimensional box.

UNIT-II: Semiconductor Physics

Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Dependence of Fermi level on carrier-concentration and temperature, Carrier generation and recombination, Carrier transport: diffusion and drift, Hall effect, p-n junction diode, Zener diode and their V-I Characteristics, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Construction, Principle of operation.

UNIT-III: Optoelectronics

Radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms in semiconductors, LED and semiconductor lasers: Device structure, Materials, Characteristics and figures of merit, Semiconductor photodetectors: Solar cell, PIN and Avalanche and their structure, Materials, working principle and Characteristics.

UNIT-IV: Lasers and Fibre Optics

Lasers: Introduction to interaction of radiation with matter, Coherence, Principle and working of Laser, Population inversion, Pumping, Types of Lasers: Ruby laser, Carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser, He-Ne laser, Applications of laser. Fibre Optics: Introduction, Optical fibre as a dielectric wave guide, Total internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Acceptance cone and Numerical aperture, Step and Graded index fibres, Losses associated with optical fibres, Applications of optical fibres.

UNIT-V: Electromagnetism and Magnetic Properties of Materials

Laws of electrostatics, Electric current and the continuity equation, Ampere’s and Faraday’s laws, Maxwell’s equations, Polarisation, Permittivity and Dielectric constant, Internal fields in a solid, Clausius-Mossotti equation, Ferroelectrics and Piezoelectrics. Magnetisation, permeability and susceptibility, Classification of magnetic materials, Ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic domains, Hysteresis, Applications of magnetic materials.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Engineering Physics, B.K. Pandey, S. Chaturvedi - Cengage Learing.
2. Halliday and Resnick, Physics - Wiley.
3. A textbook of Engineering Physics, Dr. M. N. Avadhanulu, Dr. P.G. Kshirsagar - S.Chand

REFERENCES:

1. Richard Robinett, Quantum Mechanics
2. J. Singh, Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology, Mc Graw-Hill inc. (1995).
3. Online Course: “Optoelectronic Materials and Devices” by Monica Katiyar and Deepak Guptha on NPTEL