Encapsulation provides the basis for again modularity- by hiding information from unwanted outside access and attaching that information to only methods that need access to it. This binds data and operations tightly together and separates them from external access that may corrupt them intentionally or unintentionally.

Encapsulation is achieved by declaring variables as Private in a class- this gives access to data to only member functions of the class. A next level of accessibility is provided by the Protected keyword which gives the derived classes the access to the member variables of the base class- a variable declared as Protected can at most be accessed by the derived classes of the class.